What is diffraction in relation to light?

Diffraction refers to the phenomenon where light waves bend around obstacles or spread out as they pass through small openings. It is a characteristic behavior of waves, including light waves, that occurs due to their wave-like nature.

When light encounters an edge or a slit that is comparable in size to its wavelength, it deviates from its original path, creating a pattern of light and dark regions. This behavior is particularly observable in instances such as the patterns created when light passes through a narrow aperture or around an object, showing that light can behave in ways that may not align with our initial expectations of straight-line travel.

Understanding diffraction is crucial in optics since it explains various phenomena, including the formation of patterns in diffraction gratings and the limitations in resolving power of optical instruments. This knowledge is fundamental for opticians, as it significantly impacts how lenses and other optical devices are designed and utilized.