What is it called when two waves interact, potentially either amplifying or canceling each other?

When two waves interact, the phenomenon that occurs is referred to as interference. This process can lead to two primary outcomes: constructive interference, where the waves combine to create a wave of greater amplitude (amplification), and destructive interference, where the waves may cancel each other out, resulting in a wave of lesser or zero amplitude.

Interference is an essential concept in wave physics, as it helps to explain various natural occurrences, such as the patterns created by sound or light waves. Understanding interference is crucial not only in optics but also in fields like acoustics and radio wave propagation.

Refraction, diffraction, and reflection, while also related to wave behavior, describe different interactions and behaviors of waves as they encounter boundaries or obstacles. Refraction deals with the bending of waves as they pass from one medium to another, diffraction refers to the bending and spreading of waves around obstacles, and reflection involves the returning of waves upon hitting a barrier. Each of these processes has its unique characteristics and implications that differ from the concept of interference.