Which of the following terms relates to the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another?

The term that relates to the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another is refraction. When light travels through different mediums—such as air to water, or air to glass—the change in speed causes the light to change direction. This phenomenon is a fundamental principle in optics and is critical in understanding how lenses function.

Refraction is responsible for the focusing of light, which is essential for the design of various optical instruments, such as eyeglasses, cameras, and microscopes. It enables the technology behind corrective lenses, where the curvature of the lens is designed to bend light in a way that compensates for vision problems.

The other terms are distinct optical phenomena. Reflection refers to the bouncing of light off a surface, diffraction is the bending of light around obstacles or through openings, and transmission is the passage of light through a medium without being absorbed. Understanding how refraction works is crucial for anyone studying optics or pursuing a career in optometry or ophthalmology.